Where to Start When Renovating an Apartment: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners

Buying a new apartment is a major milestone in anyone’s life. However, turning it into the perfect living space requires going through multiple renovation stages. The amount of work depends on the condition in which the developer has delivered the apartment — whether it comes with rough or fine finishing. In the first case, you will need to undertake a wide range of tasks, from installing partitions and electrical wiring to plumbing, wall painting, and wallpapering. Once all these steps are completed, you can finally enjoy the coziness of your new home. In this article, we will explore expert advice and a step-by-step process to answer the key question: “Where to start when renovating an apartment in a newly built home?”

Choosing the Type of Renovation

Determining the type of renovation is the first and most crucial step, as it largely influences subsequent stages and the overall budget. In practice, no matter how much you plan to spend, renovation costs tend to exceed the initial estimate by 1.5 to 2 times. There are several renovation options, each with its own characteristics and stages, which can either be completed immediately or postponed for a later time.

Major Renovation (Required Only for Secondary Housing)

This is one of the most expensive and labor-intensive renovation options. It typically includes (though not always necessarily) replacing windows and doors, upgrading sewer pipes, partially or fully updating the electrical system, reconfiguring the layout, and carrying out various other tasks that enhance not only the aesthetics but also the functionality and comfort of the living space. Major renovation can be done independently or as part of government programs aimed at building restoration and repair.

Cosmetic Renovation (For Secondary Housing)

This type of renovation is simpler and more affordable, generally involving only finishing touches or completing fine finishing in a newly built home. It usually includes replacing flooring, ceilings, tiles, and wallpaper, as well as priming and plastering surfaces. In some cases, it may also involve replacing windows and doors or installing new outlets and plumbing fixtures. Unlike major renovations, cosmetic renovations do not introduce structural changes but rather improve the appearance and functionality of the space.

Designer Renovation (For Any Type of Property)

A designer can be involved in both major and cosmetic renovations, but their role extends far beyond selecting finishing materials and color schemes. A skilled designer primarily focuses on optimizing the layout and enhancing functionality to ensure a comfortable living experience. They do more than just pick stylish furniture — they thoughtfully arrange it. For example, placing a chair in a cozy corner while ensuring a nearby outlet for charging a phone. Everything is planned to make the space as convenient and practical as possible. Designer renovations are significantly more expensive when done professionally, but they allow for the creation of a stylish and ergonomic interior, perfectly suited for daily living — especially in complex or unconventional layouts.

Unfinished Apartment

This type of renovation is essentially a full-scale major renovation from scratch, as the owner receives a bare concrete or brick shell that requires all construction and finishing work. While this type of renovation is slightly cheaper than a standard major renovation due to the absence of old structures that need to be dismantled, it still requires the installation of partitions, doors, plumbing, and many other elements necessary to create a livable space.

Apartment with Rough Finishing

A rough finish includes a minimal set of preparatory works, such as floor screeding, partition installation, radiator placement, and sometimes basic plumbing fixtures. The cost and effort involved in this type of renovation are comparable to a major renovation, but it offers the owner the flexibility to customize the space according to their personal needs and preferences. This approach provides ample opportunities to create a unique and comfortable home from scratch while maintaining control over the choice of finishing materials and interior details.

6 Key Stages to Begin an Apartment Renovation

The renovation process consists of several crucial stages, from initial planning to selecting finishing materials. Each step plays a key role in achieving the desired outcome, ensuring both harmony and functionality in the final interior. What are these stages, and how should you approach each one?

1. Planning

Planning is the foundation of a successful renovation, and it should answer several key questions:

— What and in what order will be renovated? At this stage, it is essential to decide where to start: restructuring, installing partitions, followed by electrical work and plumbing, and only then moving on to finishing touches.

— How exactly will the renovation be carried out? You need to think in advance about which finishing materials will be used in different areas of the apartment: where to use wallpaper versus plaster, what type of flooring to choose — heated or standard, and which coatings are best suited for the kitchen or bathroom.

— Who will carry out the renovation? It’s important to determine whether you will do the work yourself, hire a team through classified ads, employ a professional construction company, or combine these options by hiring specialists for specific tasks.

— What will be the cost of the renovation? At this stage, you should calculate the budget and consider potential additional expenses, as renovations always come with unexpected costs.

— What is the final goal? A clear vision of the desired result helps guide all previous steps. Decide in advance on the apartment’s interior style, the key functional features for comfortable living, and the expected level of finish quality.

Once these questions are addressed, the plan will become clearer, making it much easier to achieve the desired outcome.

2. Choosing an Interior Design

When selecting an interior design style for your apartment, it’s essential to consider various aesthetics that may suit your space. Today, some of the most popular styles in modern apartments include:
— Modern – characterized by smooth lines and a sophisticated blend of materials.

— Classic – elegance, strict forms, and traditional decorative elements.

— Loft – an industrial style featuring exposed brick walls, metal, and wooden accents.

— Minimalism – a focus on simplicity, clean lines, and functionality, without unnecessary decoration.

— Provence/Ethno/Country – cozy, warm styles inspired by rural life, using natural materials and pastel tones.

— Scandinavian (Hygge) – inspired by Nordic nature, emphasizing simplicity, coziness, and harmony in the interior.

Tip: Choosing a style becomes easier if you use reference images. Simply open a search engine and look for renovation ideas in different color schemes — dark or light tones, for various apartment types, from small Soviet-era apartments to lofts, or for different numbers of rooms. You may also find inspiration in more extravagant styles like cosmic futurism or baroque.

However, it’s important to consider the constraints of your specific apartment. For smaller spaces, lighter and airier styles such as loft or Scandinavian are more suitable, whereas for larger interiors, you can experiment with styles like Provence or classic design.

To refine your style choice, answer these key questions:

— Does this design suit my apartment in terms of space and layout without compromising functionality?

— Will I enjoy living with bold wallpaper, ornate furniture, or a mirrored ceiling every day, or will such elements become overwhelming over time?

3. Remodeling

Remodeling is one of the most crucial stages of renovation, requiring thorough preparation and a careful approach. To make the remodeling process as clear and efficient as possible, it is advisable to use a detailed floor plan of the apartment. If you plan to design the layout yourself, it is recommended to print several copies of the plan and sketch out different remodeling options with precise measurements. This will help you carefully work through all the planned changes in the space.

Whether you are installing new walls or simply rearranging furniture, having a clear plan allows you to visualize how the space will look after the modifications. You will be able to assess how well colors and textures will blend, how furniture will be arranged, and how the space will be utilized efficiently.

4. Hiring Contractors or Doing It Yourself?

The answer to this question depends on two key factors:

— Budget and the ability to hire reputable professionals. The higher the budget, the greater the chance of hiring experienced specialists who can guarantee high-quality work.

— Your own skills and experience. If you have extensive knowledge and abilities in various aspects of renovation, you might be able to handle some tasks yourself. However, it is important to realistically assess your capabilities and available time.

Hiring professionals usually speeds up the process and ensures higher-quality results. This is especially relevant for complex and highly technical tasks such as electrical wiring or plumbing installation. However, even with professionals, issues can arise — such as unreliable contractors — which means additional effort will be required to monitor the quality of work.

If your budget is limited but you still want to save money, it is advisable to allocate at least part of the budget for professional services — especially for electrical and plumbing work. Poorly installed wallpaper can be tolerated, but faulty plumbing or an electrical short circuit can lead to serious and costly consequences.

Even if you decide to take a DIY approach, it is often beneficial to delegate some tasks to professionals. This will help you complete the project faster without sacrificing quality, allowing you to focus on more complex or creative aspects of the renovation.

5. Budgeting and Cost Estimation

Once the project has been selected and contractors determined, an essential step follows — creating a cost estimate. This document helps assess all expected expenses and prevents unpleasant financial surprises during the renovation process. Some people even include temporary housing rental costs in their budget if the renovation involves a complete overhaul of an unfinished apartment. The more detailed the estimate, the more likely the project will be successfully completed within budget.

Key components of a renovation budget:

— Material costs. This includes not only primary construction materials (tiles, wallpaper, paint, laminate, etc.) but also various small items like fittings, brushes, rags, construction bags for waste disposal, and more.

— Labor costs. Beyond standard tasks such as demolition, installation, priming, wallpapering, and flooring, additional services should be considered. These include movers for material transportation, interior design consultation, and specialized services from plumbers, electricians, and other skilled workers.

— Furniture and accessories. The budget should also account for the purchase of furniture, lighting, plumbing fixtures, sockets, switches, and other interior elements that complete the look of the apartment.

A well-detailed cost estimate makes it easier to manage finances, avoid unexpected expenses, and keep the renovation process structured and predictable.

6. Selecting Construction Materials

When it comes to choosing construction materials, the main rule is not to compromise on quality. However, this does not mean overpaying unnecessarily. Even with a limited budget, a high-quality renovation can be achieved by making smart purchasing decisions. It’s important to know where savings are possible and where they are not advisable.

Creating a detailed shopping list of necessary materials is highly recommended. This prevents unnecessary expenses and ensures a well-planned approach to purchases. For example, if you are wallpapering walls, your list should include not only the wallpaper itself but also related materials and tools:

— Wallpaper cost. Opting for the most expensive wallpapers is not always necessary, but choosing durable and high-quality ones is important. Lesser-known manufacturers often offer excellent quality at a lower price.

— Wall primer. A good primer ensures strong adhesion and extends the lifespan of the finish.

— Wallpaper glue. Investing in quality adhesive prevents peeling and bubbling issues.

— Spatulas. Choosing comfortable and appropriate spatulas for your finishing type improves efficiency and precision.

— Sprayer or steamer. Useful for smoothing wallpaper and removing creases. If you prefer not to buy one, a damp cloth can serve as an alternative.

— Utility knife. A sharp blade is crucial for making clean, even cuts.

By compiling a list like this, you can make more informed material choices, balancing quality and cost. This approach ensures that every component serves its purpose effectively while keeping expenses within your budget.

Work Sequence

If the apartment is a new build with either rough or finished construction, you can proceed directly to the measurement stage since there is no need to remove any furniture.

1. Detailed Measurements

As mentioned earlier, working with the apartment’s floor plan is essential. However, even in this case, taking manual measurements will be beneficial. This allows you to refine the dimensions of all objects you plan to place in the space and accurately determine the area of the walls, floor, and ceiling for more precise calculations of the required amount of construction materials.

2. The Messiest Work – Demolition

If the developer’s finish does not meet your expectations or if you plan to change the layout of the space, the demolition stage is necessary. Before tearing down walls and partitions or working with pipes (gas, sewage), waste disposal systems, ventilation, or insulation, it is crucial to ensure that these changes comply with legal regulations and do not compromise the building’s structure. If in doubt, consult experts or contact the housing inspection authorities for clarification. There are also companies that verify renovation plans for compliance with the Housing Code.

Demolishing walls and partitions is one of the most labor-intensive and dust-producing stages of renovation. This process requires tools like a hammer drill and a sledgehammer. Be sure to take precautions against dust and ensure good ventilation in the room before starting work.

3. Constructing Walls and Partitions

When dividing space, there are several popular solutions for apartment buildings:

— Drywall partitions – One of the most common options, combining ease of installation and practicality. They provide good sound insulation and serve as a base for further finishing.

— Glass partitions on a metal frame – A modern solution perfect for zoning large rooms while maintaining a sense of openness and lightness.

— False walls made of wood or glass – Used for interior design solutions where maintaining open space or adding a stylish touch to the room is important.

— Brick walls – A more traditional but labor-intensive and expensive option. Suitable for creating strong and durable partitions, but requires significant effort and time to build.

4. Electrical Installation

This is one of the most critical and responsible stages, where cutting corners on materials or labor is not advisable. If you are renovating an older home, be sure to budget for replacing outdated wiring. Modern apartments require much more electricity than they did a few years ago, and old electrical systems often cannot handle the increased load.

You will need to decide whether to chase the walls (embed wiring inside the walls) or use external wiring. The first option conceals the wires, improving the aesthetics of the interior, while the second saves time and effort.

5. Plumbing and Heating System Installation

Once the electrical work is complete, you can proceed with plumbing and heating system installations if they are not already integrated into the building’s system. These tasks should be entrusted to professionals, as mistakes in this process can lead to serious issues.

It is also essential to test the entire system during installation: ensure there are no leaks, prevent potential water damage to neighbors, and verify that all devices function correctly. In apartment buildings, heating is typically provided by a water-based or steam system, but additional options such as underfloor heating or ceiling heaters can be considered to enhance comfort.

6. Installation of the Air Conditioning Route

In modern homes, installing air conditioners and split systems is an essential part of renovation. Before the final finishing stage, it is necessary to lay the route for pipes and wires inside the walls, connecting the indoor and outdoor units. This is a crucial step that requires precise calculations to ensure the system functions efficiently while maintaining the aesthetic appeal of the interior.

7. Rough Finishing

Rough finishing includes all the fundamental work needed to prepare the apartment for the final stage of renovation:

— Installation of heating radiators.

— Installation of windows and doors.

— Connection of electrical networks, sewage systems, plumbing, ventilation, and gas systems (if applicable).

— Basic finishing of floors, ceilings, and walls before applying final coatings.

— Floor screed installation.

At this stage, it is advisable to pay attention to the quality of materials, even though they will be hidden under the final finishes. Choosing reliable and safe materials ensures long-term durability, even if they are not the most visually appealing.

8. Window Installation

Replacing windows is one of the simplest yet most important procedures. In most cases, window and balcony door installation can be completed within 2–3 days. When installing new windows, it is essential to ensure that all joints are properly sealed and that locking mechanisms function flawlessly to prevent issues with insulation and security.

9. Installation of the Entrance Door

Most newly built apartments come with the cheapest entrance doors installed by the developer, which are often replaced immediately upon moving in. If you want to improve security and soundproofing, choose models with a metal frame and high-quality insulation properties. Look for doors with filling materials that enhance thermal and acoustic insulation, as well as polymer seals that improve airtightness.

10. Floor Screed

A floor screed is a layer of cement and sand mortar or a special material designed for two purposes: leveling the floor surface and providing thermal insulation. The choice of the appropriate screed type depends on your preferences and the condition of the floor.

Types of screeds:

— Dry screed – uses wooden boards, gypsum fiber, or plywood, creating a quick and effective leveling method. This approach is ideal for those who want to speed up the renovation process.

— Wet screed – involves pouring a medium-thick mortar (regular or self-leveling) onto a concrete floor. This is the most expensive and time-consuming method, but it ensures durability and excellent quality, creating a floor that will last for decades.

— Semi-dry screed – a combined method that incorporates the advantages of the previous options, providing a good result with lower time and cost investments.

At this stage, it is important to note that carpet, linoleum, or tiles cannot be laid directly on bare cement. The choice of method depends on your needs and budget, but this step should not be skipped.

11. Installation of Underfloor Heating

Underfloor heating is an additional heating system that can be either water-based or electric. It is important to plan for its installation at the screed stage, before laying the final flooring. This ensures efficient heating and helps avoid unexpected issues in the future.

12. Final Ceiling Finishing

Once the ceiling has undergone rough finishing, it is time to choose the final finish. There are several options, each with its own characteristics:

— Wallpaper – allows for a variety of textures and patterns, ideal for classic interiors.

— Foam ceiling tiles – a convenient and cost-effective option that is easy to install.

— Paint – a simple and versatile choice that makes it easy to refresh the interior and match different styles.

— Whitewashing – a traditional budget-friendly solution.

— Suspended ceiling – suitable for modern interiors, especially when it is necessary to hide utilities or improve sound insulation.

— Decorative plaster – can be used to create unique textures and accent elements.

The most affordable and easy-to-maintain options are paint and a suspended ceiling. However, each of these choices can be used to create a harmonious and functional space that perfectly matches your interior.

13. Final Wall Finishing

Final wall finishing is the stage that gives the room its completed look. This is where creativity can be expressed, but costs can also be minimized by choosing budget-friendly materials. Here are some popular options:

— Paint – a universal and most common finishing option. It is suitable for most rooms, easy to apply, and allows for color and texture experimentation.

— Panels (plastic, wood) – offer a variety of textures and colors and are quick to install. Plastic panels are moisture-resistant, while wooden ones add coziness.

— Plaster – gives walls an interesting texture and a stylish appearance. Both decorative and regular plaster can be used for leveling surfaces.

— Decorative stone – ideal for creating accent walls. It is an expensive but impressive option that adds style and elegance to an interior.

— Tiles and ceramic coverings – perfect for bathrooms, kitchens, or hallways. This practical and durable finishing option remains timeless.

14. Radiator Installation

Today, there are many types of radiators, and the choice depends on your budget, preferences, and apartment features.

By material:

• Steel radiators – affordable but less durable.
• Aluminum radiators – lightweight and efficient in heating.
• Cast iron radiators – long-lasting but heavy and not always suitable for modern interiors.
• Bimetallic radiators – a hybrid option combining the benefits of steel and aluminum.

By installation type:

• Wall-mounted – the most common and convenient option.
• Floor-standing – takes up more space but is suitable for large rooms.
• Baseboard radiators – compact and ideal for small apartments as they are hidden behind the baseboards.

By design: Modern radiators can be not only functional but also aesthetically pleasing. It is important to choose models that complement the interior and do not take up excessive space.

When choosing a radiator, make sure it does not take up unnecessary space or become a dust collector.

15. Plumbing Installation

Once the sewer system is prepared, the plumbing installation stage begins. This includes:

— Sinks, toilets, shower cabins, and other essential elements for water supply.
— Washing machines and dryers, which can be either built-in or freestanding.
— Towel warmers, an important element in the bathroom that helps maintain a comfortable temperature and dry towels.

Before purchasing plumbing fixtures, it is useful to take measurements to ensure the selected models fit. Even an extra centimeter can turn a perfect bathtub into an inconvenience.

16. Final Floor Finishing

Final floor finishing is the last step that makes the surface ready for use and gives the room a complete look. Depending on the functional requirements of the space and the budget, various materials can be chosen:

— Linoleum – an affordable and practical material that is easy to install and durable. It is well-suited for kitchens, hallways, and other high-traffic areas.
— Parquet – wooden flooring that adds warmth and a luxurious look to a room. It requires careful maintenance and regular restoration.
— Laminate and similar materials – mimic wood, are easy to install, and are budget-friendly. Suitable for most living spaces.
— Ceramic tiles – durable and moisture-resistant, ideal for kitchens and bathrooms. Tiles come in a wide range of designs, textures, and colors.
— Carpeting – a soft and warm material that adds coziness. It is well-suited for living spaces but can be difficult to maintain.
— Self-leveling floors – create a smooth and even surface suitable for any room. They can be both decorative and functional, for example, used in underfloor heating systems.

The choice of material depends on the room’s purpose, expected load, and renovation budget. Selecting the right screed is crucial for the longevity of the flooring.

17. Interior Door Installation

Interior doors are not just functional elements but also important design components that complete the overall composition of a room. The market offers a wide variety of doors:

— Rectangular, arched, and shaped openings – decorative options that create interesting visual effects, especially in modern interiors.
— Classic doors – standard doors suitable for most interiors. They can be made from various materials, including solid wood, plastic, glass, or particleboard.
— Folding and sliding doors – ideal for small spaces where saving space is important. These doors can be either solid or glass-paneled.

The variety of doors available allows for choosing the perfect model based on material, color, and style. It is important to select doors that harmonize with the interior and are comfortable to use.

18. Baseboard Installation

Baseboards complete the floor and doorway finishes, concealing joints between the walls and floor. They are installed after the interior doors are mounted.

Types of baseboards:

— Floor baseboards (wood, plastic) – installed with metal fittings or adhesive. These baseboards can be simple or decorative, featuring various textures and finishes.
— Ceiling moldings (lightweight polymers) – usually glued to the walls. These moldings can be plain or adorned with decorative elements resembling plasterwork for a more sophisticated look.

The choice of baseboards depends on the room’s style and finishing materials. They can serve not only a decorative function but also hide wiring or cables.

19. Completion of Electrical Installation Work

At the final stage of electrical installation, sockets, switches, and lighting fixtures are installed, and the “smart lighting” system is tested if provided. It is crucial that all electrical components are correctly installed and comply with safety requirements. It is recommended to call a qualified electrician for a final inspection of the entire electrical system. This helps prevent short circuits, overloads, or other issues that could lead to fire hazards or equipment failure.

20. Air Conditioner Installation

After the final wall finishing, it is time to install the air conditioner. The installation of air conditioning units takes place when the room is already finished, ensuring that the walls will not be damaged during the process. This process includes installing the indoor and outdoor units, connecting them to the power supply, and testing the system to ensure effective cooling and heating (if the air conditioner supports this function).

21. Installation of Kitchen Set and Connection of Household Appliances

The installation of the kitchen set requires attention to every detail, as the kitchen demands a thoughtful approach in terms of layout and functionality. If built-in household appliances such as a stove, oven, dishwasher, or refrigerator are planned, their placement should be carefully considered in advance to ensure they fit into the space and meet the needs of the homeowners. Custom-made kitchens are the best option for creating a personalized and functional cooking area.

22. General Cleaning and Furnishing

Once all the work is complete, it is time for a thorough cleaning. At this stage, everything becomes clean, and the space is ready for occupancy. Professional cleaning companies can quickly and efficiently remove construction dust and debris, significantly speeding up the move-in process. After cleaning, the furnishing process begins: arranging furniture, laying carpets, and placing chairs, sofas, and other interior elements. If furniture is custom-made, it is advisable to place the order 3–4 weeks before the completion of finishing work to ensure it is ready by the time the renovation is completed.

Common Mistakes During Renovation

Even experienced individuals sometimes encounter unexpected difficulties during renovation. To avoid typical mistakes, it is essential to approach each stage carefully. Here are some of the most common ones:

Renovation “by Magazine Picture”

Trendy solutions, such as bold contrasting colors or complex designs, may look impressive in photos but often turn out to be impractical in real life. Such interiors quickly become tiresome and require extensive maintenance. It is better to start with classic solutions and later complement them with decor that can be updated as needed. Comfort should not be overlooked either — it is crucial to ensure access to pipes, meters, and storage spaces for household items.

Saving on Plumbing and Wiring

One should never cut costs on essential home systems like plumbing and electrical wiring. Issues in these areas, such as water leaks or short circuits, can lead to severe and costly consequences.

Attempting Complex Work Using YouTube Tutorials

The internet is filled with DIY video tutorials, but such guides often fail to cover all the nuances. It is advisable to hire professionals for complex tasks (plumbing installation, air conditioning, electrical work) to avoid mistakes that could ultimately cost more to fix.

Insufficient Attention to Measurements

A common mistake is failing to take precise measurements before installing furniture or other elements. To avoid placement issues, one can use paper strips or masking tape to mark furniture positions on the floor. This provides a visual representation of how the space will look and ensures ease of movement within the room.

Lack of a Clear Renovation Budget

Starting a renovation without a well-planned budget is risky. Many people forget to account for minor expenses (materials, labor, and unforeseen costs), which can lead to financial shortages mid-project.

Renovation is Not as Daunting as It Seems

With the right approach and thorough planning, risks can be minimized, and excellent results can be achieved. Although renovations can take several months or even longer, in the end, they bring a sense of renewal and an improved quality of life.